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Maximum Dormancy Period For Hpv
| Human papilloma viruses are a distinct group of double-stranded DNA viruses that produces lesions or tumors on the skin and mucous membrane. Till date, more than 100 different types of HPV have been identified that are all transmitted as a result of skin-to-skin contact. |
HPV causes a variety of diseases in humans. These include common skin warts on the hands and feet, plantar warts found on the soles of the feet, subungual or periungual warts that are formed under the fingernails, flat warts found on the arms or face, genital warts formed in and around the genitals, respiratory papillomatosis, cutaneous horns and different forms of cancers such as cervical, vulvar, penile and anal cancer. HPV has been found to be the causative agent for oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma, a rare form of head and neck cancer.
A HPV infection starts when the virus invades the cell. The most notable feature of an HPV invasion is its latency period or dormancy. As soon as the virus infects the epithelial tissues, a part of the viral genome gets incorporated into the host genome and starts replication in case of high risk HPV types. When a low risk HPV type infects an epithelial cell, the viral genome is incorporated into the nucleus of the host cell. As many as 10-200 copy numbers of the viral genome are established per cell and the viral genome exists as extrachromosomal plasmid that replicates as the host cell chromosomes replicate. With this copy number, the virus remains in an incubation phase for a period that might typically extend from 3 months to 2 years. During this period, there would be no visible symptoms of a HPV infection. Incorporation of viral genetic material can result in deregulation of tumor suppressor genes inside the host cell. This can result in uncontrolled cell division or cancer. Once the latency period is over, the virus enters a lytic phase resulting in release of infection virions and appearance of disease symptoms.
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